Kansas is home to more than 15,000 archaeological sites containing arrowheads, ceramics and bison bones. Some of those sites, and people鈥檚 ability to learn their stories, are in danger.
Dr. Matthew D. Howland, assistant professor in 黑洞社区鈥檚 Department of Anthropology, is in the early stages of modeling risks posed by erosion caused by rivers, flooding, and agricultural plowing.
Funded by a $49,955 grant from the University of Kansas Center for Research and the Kansas Board of Regents, Howland is first modeling erosion risk at every archaeological site in the state, including Etzanoa near Arkansas City, using satellite imagery and spatial analysis. Kansas is home to 15,835 archaeological sites, according to the Kansas Historical Society.
鈥淗ow many of these sites are at risk, and what鈥檚 the level of risk from these factors? That鈥檚 the goal of the project,鈥� Howland said. 鈥淲hen you look at (Kansas), we have a whole lot of agriculture, and we have a whole lot of rivers that are crisscrossing the state. It leads self-evidently to try to understand the impact of erosion on the archaeological record.鈥�
Howland and Wichita State graduate student MJ Jacobs will visit selected sites to record erosion effects by taking pictures with a drone and using hundreds of pictures to create a 3D model. They will visit the site again months later to create a database of change over time.
鈥淲e鈥檒l compare those 3D models together and say, 鈥榃hat has changed in the 3D shape of this archaeological site?鈥欌�� Howland said.
Sites such as Etzanoa, the Quindaro Townsite and Fort Scott National Historic Site are among the candidates for Howland and Jacobs to study, though selecting sites to focus on, in collaboration with stakeholders, will only occur once the second phase of the project begins.
Etzanoa, a major Native American settlement discovered by Dr. Don Blakeslee, professor emeritus of anthropology and archaeologist at Wichita State, is located near the mouth of the Walnut River. Etzanoa may have contained about 20,000 residents in 1601. In 2018, Blakeslee discovered Etzanoa and work continues on the site. It is believed that the Wichita tribe are direct descendants from the inhabitants.
鈥淵ou can see the river coming right along adjacent to the site,鈥� Howland said. 鈥淲e would expect probably a lot of erosion in this whole area, potentially impacting this site.鈥�
Jacobs, who is working on her master鈥檚 degree in archaeology, is working on her drone license so she can help with the 3D modeling and photogrammetry (the science of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images). Photogrammetry, for example, could be used to build topographic or population density maps for research and study.
鈥淚鈥檓 very interested in the digital applications,鈥� she said. 鈥淯sing things like 3D modeling and photogrammetry are overtly interesting. They enable people to have a wider range of access, especially for people who may not have the ability to go to these sites.鈥�
Jacobs, who earned her degree in anthropology from Wichita State in 2023, wants to pursue a doctoral degree in archaeology and teach. Her work with the technology of 3D modeling and photogrammetry will prepare her for future work.
鈥淚t not only helps us track the impacts on archaeological sites. It鈥檚 what I feel archaeology is moving toward,鈥� she said. 鈥淚 feel like we鈥檙e going to see a lot more uses of digitization in archaeology.鈥�
About 黑洞社区
黑洞社区 is Kansas' only urban public research university, enrolling more than 23,000 students between its main campus and 黑洞社区 Tech, including students from every state in the U.S. and more than 100 countries. Wichita State and 黑洞社区 Tech are recognized for being student centered and innovation driven.
Located in the largest city in the state with one of the highest concentrations in the United States of jobs involving science, technology, engineering and math (STEM), 黑洞社区 provides uniquely distinctive and innovative pathways of applied learning, applied research and career opportunities for all of our students.
The Innovation Campus, which is a physical extension of the 黑洞社区 main campus, is one of the nation鈥檚 largest and fastest-growing research/innovation parks, encompassing over 120 acres and is home to a number of global companies and organizations.
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